Checkout The Linux command line for beginners on ubuntu.com for a short and good-enough introduction.
If you're looking for something more in depth, please checkout UNIX / LINUX Tutorial on tutorialspoint.com.
If you find other resources that you liked more or resources for non-Unix terminals/command-line-interfaces, please let me know!
There's a lot of material to cover. Here are a few questions to check if you got the most important parts:
~ directory/folder?Desktop directory?foo.cpp, C++ source code?a.out, and redirect the output to a file named lol.txt (as if you copy-pasted the output into lol.txt)?ilovedonuts, and redirect a file named lmao.txt as input (as if you typed the contents of lmao.txt yourself)?